Fires 2 Projectiles
Second form has 600% increased Critical Strike Chance
Second form has +(30–49)% to Critical Strike Multiplier
Second form has 300% more Projectile Speed
Additional Effects From Quality:
Genus
Level Effect /40
Implicit |
---|
Second form has 600% increased Critical Strike Chance Second form has 300% more Projectile Speed Fires 2 Projectiles |
Level | Requires Level | Int | Cost | Deals 22 to 33 Cold Damage | Second form has +30% to Critical Strike Multiplier | Experience |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 12 | 33 | 8 | 22, 33 | 30 | 15,249 |
2 | 15 | 39 | 9 | 28, 42 | 31 | 41,517 |
3 | 19 | 48 | 10 | 37, 56 | 32 | 81,983 |
4 | 23 | 56 | 11 | 48, 72 | 33 | 147,968 |
5 | 27 | 64 | 12 | 62, 93 | 34 | 250,557 |
6 | 31 | 73 | 13 | 78, 118 | 35 | 405,086 |
7 | 35 | 81 | 14 | 99, 148 | 36 | 447,718 |
8 | 38 | 88 | 15 | 116, 174 | 37 | 615,318 |
9 | 41 | 94 | 16 | 137, 205 | 38 | 834,639 |
10 | 44 | 100 | 16 | 160, 240 | 39 | 1,570,760 |
11 | 47 | 106 | 17 | 187, 280 | 40 | 1,633,987 |
12 | 50 | 113 | 18 | 218, 326 | 41 | 2,151,030 |
13 | 53 | 119 | 19 | 253, 379 | 42 | 2,812,189 |
14 | 56 | 125 | 19 | 293, 439 | 43 | 5,099,360 |
15 | 59 | 132 | 20 | 338, 508 | 44 | 9,400,731 |
16 | 62 | 138 | 21 | 391, 586 | 45 | 15,273,366 |
17 | 64 | 142 | 21 | 429, 644 | 46 | 26,286,582 |
18 | 66 | 146 | 22 | 472, 707 | 47 | 62,890,590 |
19 | 68 | 151 | 22 | 518, 776 | 48 | 212,046,017 |
20 | 70 | 155 | 23 | 568, 852 | 49 | |
21 | 72 | 24 | 622, 933 | 50 | ||
22 | 74 | 24 | 682, 1023 | 51 | ||
23 | 76 | 25 | 746, 1120 | 52 | ||
24 | 78 | 25 | 817, 1225 | 53 | ||
25 | 80 | 26 | 893, 1340 | 54 | ||
26 | 82 | 26 | 977, 1465 | 55 | ||
27 | 84 | 27 | 1067, 1601 | 56 | ||
28 | 86 | 27 | 1165, 1748 | 57 | ||
29 | 88 | 28 | 1272, 1908 | 58 | ||
30 | 90 | 28 | 1388, 2083 | 59 | ||
31 | 91 | 28 | 1450, 2175 | 60 | ||
32 | 92 | 29 | 1514, 2272 | 61 | ||
33 | 93 | 29 | 1581, 2372 | 62 | ||
34 | 94 | 29 | 1651, 2477 | 63 | ||
35 | 95 | 29 | 1724, 2586 | 64 | ||
36 | 96 | 30 | 1800, 2700 | 65 | ||
37 | 97 | 30 | 1879, 2818 | 66 | ||
38 | 98 | 30 | 1961, 2942 | 67 | ||
39 | 99 | 30 | 2047, 3070 | 68 | ||
40 | 100 | 31 | 2136, 3204 | 69 |
Attribute /9
Ice Spear
Key | Value |
---|---|
Cost | iLvl 1: Normal: 1xOrb of Transmutation |
Acronym | Projectile |
DropLevel | 12 |
BaseType | Ice Spear |
Class | Skill Gems |
TargetTypes | Ground, Enemy |
Type | Spell, Projectile, ProjectilesFromUser, Damage, Trappable, Totemable, Mineable, Multicastable, Triggerable, Cold, CanRapidFire |
ItemType | Metadata/Items/Gems/SkillGemIceSpear |
Reference | poe.ninja, Community Wiki |
Crucible Weapon /1
Weight | Desc |
---|---|
1000 (T5) | Ice Spear and Ball Lightning fire Projectiles in a circle Ice Spear and Ball Lightning Projectiles Return to you |
Ice Spear Monster /32 ⍟
Name | Modifiers | Spectre |
---|---|---|
Frosis | monster no drops or experience [1] | Y |
Alpine Shaman | Y | |
Frost Sentinel | Y | |
Thistlesage | Ice Spears on Death | Y |
Abhorred Elitist | 75% more maximum Life Monsters grant 300% increased Experience 1000% increased Quantity of Items Dropped 1000% increased Rarity of Items Dropped 100% increased Stealth | Y |
Glace | Gain 25% of Physical Damage as Extra Cold Damage Monsters grant 100% increased Experience 15000% increased Rarity of Items Dropped monster casts glacial cascade text [1] monster casts ice spear text [1] cannot be stunned for ms after stun finished [2000] cannot be stunned while stunned [1] | Y |
Ultima Thule | monster base type attack cast speed +% and damage -% final [33] | Y |
Ultima Thule | monster base type attack cast speed +% and damage -% final [33] 100% increased maximum Life 100% increased Area of Effect 80% increased Character Size | Y |
Avatar of Winter | Monsters grant 20000% increased Experience 2000% increased Quantity of Items Dropped 2000% increased Rarity of Items Dropped monster penalty against minions damage +% final vs player minions [-25] | Y |
Avatar of Apocalypse | Monsters grant 20000% increased Experience 2000% increased Quantity of Items Dropped 2000% increased Rarity of Items Dropped monster penalty against minions damage +% final vs player minions [-35] Monsters grant 100% increased Experience 15000% increased Rarity of Items Dropped cannot be stunned for ms after stun finished [2000] cannot be stunned while stunned [1] | Y |
Blood Morpher | 35% increased Attack Speed 35% increased Cast Speed 75% increased Movement Speed 300% increased Quantity of Items Dropped 800% increased Rarity of Items Dropped monster additional quantity of dropped items in cruel +% [300] monster additional quantity of dropped items in merciless +% [600] monster additional rarity of dropped items in cruel +% [300] monster additional rarity of dropped items in merciless +% [600] monster no map drops [1] monster is invasion boss [1] | Y |
Graveblood | Gain 25% of Physical Damage as Extra Cold Damage monster casts ice spear text [1] 300% increased Quantity of Items Dropped 800% increased Rarity of Items Dropped monster additional quantity of dropped items in cruel +% [300] monster additional quantity of dropped items in merciless +% [600] monster additional rarity of dropped items in cruel +% [300] monster additional rarity of dropped items in merciless +% [600] monster no map drops [1] monster is invasion boss [1] | Y |
Genesis Paradisae | 300% increased Quantity of Items Dropped 800% increased Rarity of Items Dropped 40% increased Evasion Rating Gain 25% of Physical Damage as Extra Fire Damage Gain 25% of Physical Damage as Extra Cold Damage monster additional quantity of dropped items in cruel +% [300] monster additional quantity of dropped items in merciless +% [600] monster additional rarity of dropped items in cruel +% [300] monster additional rarity of dropped items in merciless +% [600] monster no map drops [1] monster is invasion boss [1] | Y |
Bladeback Guardian | Ice Spears on Death 300% increased Quantity of Items Dropped 800% increased Rarity of Items Dropped monster additional quantity of dropped items in cruel +% [300] monster additional quantity of dropped items in merciless +% [600] monster additional rarity of dropped items in cruel +% [300] monster additional rarity of dropped items in merciless +% [600] monster no map drops [1] monster is invasion boss [1] | Y |
Haast, Unrelenting Frost | display monster mod nemesis test [0] monster no beyond portal [1] Action Speed cannot be modified to below 70% of base value 300% increased Quantity of Items Dropped 800% increased Rarity of Items Dropped monster additional quantity of dropped items in cruel +% [500] monster additional quantity of dropped items in merciless +% [1000] monster additional rarity of dropped items in cruel +% [750] monster additional rarity of dropped items in merciless +% [1500] display monster uses far shot text [0] monster reverse point blank damage -% at minimum range [30] monster penalty against minions damage +% final vs player minions [-30] monster is beyond boss [1] cannot be stunned for ms after stun finished [2000] cannot be stunned while stunned [1] | Y |
Abaxoth, the End of All That Is | monster no beyond portal [1] display monster mod nemesis test [0] display monster mod nemesis test [0] 4% of Maximum Life taken per second as Chaos Damage display monster mod nemesis test [0] Gain 25% of Physical Damage as Extra Cold Damage display monster mod nemesis test [0] nemesis transform on low life [1] 300% increased Quantity of Items Dropped 800% increased Rarity of Items Dropped monster additional quantity of dropped items in cruel +% [1715] monster additional quantity of dropped items in merciless +% [3430] monster additional rarity of dropped items in cruel +% [1200] monster additional rarity of dropped items in merciless +% [2400] monster base type attack cast speed +% and damage -% final [22] Action Speed cannot be modified to below 70% of base value monster is beyond boss [1] cannot be stunned for ms after stun finished [2000] cannot be stunned while stunned [1] | Y |
Mutated Croaker | 40% increased Evasion Rating Gain 25% of Physical Damage as Extra Fire Damage Gain 25% of Physical Damage as Extra Cold Damage monster no map drops [1] | Y |
Death Blossom | monster no map drops [1] | Y |
Soul of Winter | 35% increased Attack Speed 35% increased Cast Speed 75% increased Movement Speed monster no map drops [1] monster no drops or experience [1] monster do not fracture [1] | Y |
Ancient Hero | Y | |
Ancient Dead | Y | |
Malachai's Laureate | 30% increased Movement Speed Trigger Socketed Spells when you Spend at least 100 Mana on an Upfront Cost to Use or Trigger a Skill, with a 0.1 second Cooldown drop additional rare items [3] | Y |
Xuatl, Cutting Wind | 20% increased Movement Speed % increased Rarity of Items Dropped monster no map drops [1] monster additional quantity of dropped items in cruel +% [300] monster additional quantity of dropped items in merciless +% [600] monster additional rarity of dropped items in cruel +% [300] monster additional rarity of dropped items in merciless +% [600] | Y |
Frosal Synthete | Y | |
Synthete Masterpiece | Monsters grant 100% increased Experience 15000% increased Rarity of Items Dropped Action Speed cannot be modified to below 70% of base value cannot be stunned for ms after stun finished [4000] cannot be stunned while stunned [1] | Y |
Synthete Nightmare | Monsters grant 100% increased Experience 15000% increased Rarity of Items Dropped Action Speed cannot be modified to below 70% of base value cannot be stunned for ms after stun finished [4000] cannot be stunned while stunned [1] | Y |
Snowcaller | Y | |
Frosted Cogwork | Y | |
Brittle Cogwork | Y | |
Effigy of Constriction | Gain 25% of Physical Damage as Extra Cold Damage | Y |
Forged Beast | Y | |
Frosal Synthete | dropped items are fractured per item chance % [20] | Y |
Microtransactions /3 ⍟
Labyrinth Enchantment helmet /9 ⍟
Level | Name | Mod | Weight |
---|---|---|---|
The Merciless Labyrinth | Enchantment Ice Spear Damage 1 | 25% increased Ice Spear Damage | |
The Eternal Labyrinth | Enchantment Ice Spear Damage 2 | 40% increased Ice Spear Damage | |
The Merciless Labyrinth | Enchantment Ice Spear Percent Chance To Gain Power Charge On Critical Strike 1 | 10% Chance to gain a Power Charge on Critical Strike with Ice Spear | 100 |
The Eternal Labyrinth | Enchantment Ice Spear Percent Chance To Gain Power Charge On Critical Strike 2 | 15% Chance to gain a Power Charge on Critical Strike with Ice Spear | 75 |
The Merciless Labyrinth | Enchantment Ice Spear Second Form Critical Strike Chance 1 | 200% increased Ice Spear Critical Strike Chance in second form | 100 |
The Eternal Labyrinth | Enchantment Ice Spear Second Form Critical Strike Chance 2 | 300% increased Ice Spear Critical Strike Chance in second form | 75 |
The Eternal Labyrinth | Enchantment Ice Spear Additional Projectile 1 | Ice Spear fires an additional Projectile | 75 |
The Merciless Labyrinth | Enchantment Ice Spear Distance Before Form Change 1 | Ice Spear travels 20% reduced distance before changing forms | 100 |
The Eternal Labyrinth | Enchantment Ice Spear Distance Before Form Change 2 | Ice Spear travels 30% reduced distance before changing forms | 75 |
Supported By /97 ⍟
Icon | Name |
---|---|
Added Fire Damage Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Greater Multiple Projectiles Support Supports projectile skills. | |
Lesser Multiple Projectiles Support Supports projectile skills. | |
Faster Projectiles Support Supports projectile skills. | |
Added Cold Damage Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Added Lightning Damage Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Increased Critical Strikes Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Increased Critical Damage Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Knockback Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Life Leech Support Supports any skill that hits enemies, causing those hits to leech life based on damage dealt. | |
Added Chaos Damage Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Stun Support Supports any skill that hits enemies, making it easier to stun enemies with those skills. | |
Pierce Support Supports projectile skills. | |
Trap Support Supports spells, or attacks that use bows or wands. Instead of using that skill, you will throw a trap that will use the skill for you when an enemy walks near it. Traps cannot use channelling skills. | |
Item Rarity Support Supports any skill that can kill enemies. | |
Faster Casting Support Supports non-instant spell skills. | |
Cold to Fire Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Combustion Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Elemental Proliferation Support Supports any skill that hits enemies, or could otherwise apply elemental ailments. | |
Culling Strike Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. If enemies are left below 10% of maximum life after being hit by these skills, they will be killed. | |
Iron Will Support Supports spell skills, making the increase to physical melee damage from strength also increase their spell damage. | |
Spell Totem Support Supports spell skills that are not triggered. Instead of casting that spell, you will summon a totem that casts the spell for you. | |
Blastchain Mine Support Supports spells, or attacks that use bows or wands. Instead of using that skill, you will throw a mine that will use the skill for you when you detonate it. Mines cannot use channelling skills. | |
Chance to Flee Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Blind Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Fire Penetration Support Supports any skill that hits enemies, making those hits penetrate enemy fire resistance. | |
Cold Penetration Support Supports any skill that hits enemies, making those hits penetrate enemy cold resistance. | |
Lightning Penetration Support Supports any skill that hits enemies, making those hits penetrate enemy lightning resistance. | |
Elemental Penetration Support Supports any skill that hits enemies, making those hits penetrate enemy elemental resistances. | |
Chain Support Supports projectile skills, and any other skills that chain. | |
Fork Support Supports projectile skills, making their projectiles fork into two projectiles the first time they hit an enemy and don't pierce it. | |
Returning Projectiles Support Supports projectile skills. | |
Spell Echo Support Supports spell skills, making them repeat when cast. Cannot support Vaal skills, totem skills, channelling skills, triggered skills, instant skills, blink skills, or skills with a reservation. | |
Power Charge On Critical Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Burning Damage Support Supports any skill that hits enemies, or can deal burning damage directly. | |
Hextouch Support Must support both a skill that hits enemies, and a hex curse skill to work. The hex will be applied when enemies are hit by the other skill. Cannot support totems, traps, or mines. Minions cannot apply hexes this way. | |
Slower Projectiles Support Supports projectile skills. | |
Cast on Death Support Each supported spell skill will be triggered when you die. Cannot support skills used by totems, traps, or mines. Vaal skills, channelling skills, and skills with a reservation cannot be triggered. | |
Cast when Damage Taken Support Each supported spell skill will track damage you take, and be triggered when the total damage taken reaches a threshold. Cannot support skills used by totems, traps, or mines. Vaal skills, channelling skills, and skills with a reservation cannot be triggered. | |
Cast when Stunned Support Each supported spell skill will have a chance to be triggered when you are stunned. Cannot support skills used by totems, traps, or mines. Vaal skills, channelling skills, and skills with a reservation cannot be triggered. | |
Block Chance Reduction Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Physical to Lightning Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Ice Bite Support Supports any skill you use to hit enemies yourself. Cannot support skills used by totems, traps, or mines. | |
Hypothermia Support Supports any skill that deals damage. | |
Innervate Support Supports any skill you use to hit enemies yourself. Cannot support skills used by totems, traps, or mines. | |
Critical Strike Affliction Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Void Manipulation Support Supports any skill that deals damage. | |
Controlled Destruction Support Supports attack skills, or spell skills that deal damage. | |
Swift Affliction Support Supports any skill that has a duration, or can hit enemies to inflict ailments on them. | |
Elemental Focus Support Supports any skill that hits or burns enemies, or inflicts elemental ailments. | |
Ignite Proliferation Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Chance to Poison Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Deadly Ailments Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Decay Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Efficacy Support Supports any skill that deals damage or has a duration. | |
Vile Toxins Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Immolate Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Unbound Ailments Support Supports any skill that hits enemies or inflicts ailments | |
Brutality Support Supports any skill that deals damage. | |
Arcane Surge Support Each supported spell will track how much mana you spend on it, granting a buff when the total mana spent reaches a threshold. Cannot support skills used by totems, traps, mines or skills with a reservation. | |
Volley Support Supports skills that fire projectiles from the user. Does not affect projectiles fired from other locations as secondary effects. Does not support skills that fire projectiles in a spiral. | |
Summon Phantasm Support Supports skills that can hit enemies, or create minions. When those skills or minions kill enemies, or hit rare or unique enemies they will have a chance to summon a Phantasm minion, which uses a piercing projectile spell that deals physical damage. | |
Bonechill Support Supports any skill that can chill enemies or create chilling areas. | |
Energy Leech Support Supports any skill that hits enemies, causing those hits to leech energy shield based on damage dealt. | |
Unleash Support Supports spell skills, making their effect reoccur when cast. Cannot support skills with cooldowns, triggered skills, Brand skills, Vaal skills, channelling skills, skills with a reservation, or skills used by totems, traps, or mines. Cannot modify the skills of minions. | |
High-Impact Mine Support Supports spells, or attacks that use bows or wands. Instead of using that skill, you will throw a mine that will use the skill for you when you detonate it. Mines cannot use channelling skills. | |
Greater Volley Support Supports skills that fire projectiles from the user. Does not affect projectiles fired from other locations as secondary effects. Does not support skills that fire projectiles in a spiral. | |
Awakened Added Fire Damage Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Awakened Brutality Support Supports any skill that deals damage. | |
Awakened Burning Damage Support Supports any skill that hits enemies, or can deal burning damage directly. | |
Awakened Fire Penetration Support Supports any skill that hits enemies, making those hits penetrate enemy fire resistance. | |
Awakened Added Cold Damage Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Awakened Chain Support Supports projectile skills, and any other skills that chain. | |
Awakened Cold Penetration Support Supports any skill that hits enemies, making those hits penetrate enemy cold resistance. | |
Awakened Deadly Ailments Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Awakened Fork Support Supports projectile skills, making their projectiles fork into two projectiles the first two times they hit an enemy and don't pierce it. | |
Awakened Greater Multiple Projectiles Support Supports projectile skills. | |
Awakened Swift Affliction Support Supports any skill that has a duration, or can hit enemies to inflict ailments on them. | |
Awakened Void Manipulation Support Supports any skill that deals damage. | |
Awakened Added Chaos Damage Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Awakened Added Lightning Damage Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Awakened Controlled Destruction Support Supports attack skills, or spell skills that deal damage. | |
Awakened Hextouch Support Must support both a skill that hits enemies, and a hex curse skill to work. The hex will be applied when enemies are hit by the other skill. Cannot support totems, traps, or mines. Minions cannot apply hexes this way. | |
Awakened Elemental Focus Support Supports any skill that hits or burns enemies, or inflicts elemental ailments. | |
Awakened Lightning Penetration Support Supports any skill that hits enemies, making those hits penetrate enemy lightning resistance. | |
Awakened Spell Echo Support Supports spell skills, making them repeat when cast. Cannot support Vaal skills, totem skills, channelling skills, triggered skills, instant skills, blink skills, or skills with a reservation. | |
Awakened Unbound Ailments Support Supports any skill that hits enemies or inflicts ailments | |
Awakened Unleash Support Supports spell skills, making their effect reoccur when cast. Cannot support skills with cooldowns, triggered skills, Brand skills, Vaal skills, channelling skills, skills with a reservation, or skills used by totems, traps, or mines. Cannot modify the skills of minions. | |
Archmage Support Supports spell skills that deal damage with hits and have no reservation. Cannot support arcane skills, Brand skills, Orb skills, Vaal skills, or skills used by totems, traps or mines. Cannot modify the skills of minions. | |
Pinpoint Support Supports projectile spells you cast yourself. Cannot support triggered skills, Vaal skills, instant skills, channelling skills, skills with a reservation or which create minions, or skills used by totems, traps, or mines. | |
Trinity Support Supports skills that hit enemies, causing them to gain bonuses while you have resonance of all three elements, and to grant resonance of elements other than the highest one in a hit. There is a maximum of 50 Resonance for each Element. Cannot support triggered skills, instant skills, orb skills, brands, skills with a reservation, or skills used by totems, traps, or mines. Cannot modify the skills of minions. | |
Cruelty Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. Minions cannot gain Cruelty. | |
Overcharge Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Spellblade Support Supports spells that hit enemies. Cannot modify the skills of minions. | |
Devour Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. | |
Sacrifice Support Supports spell skills that hit enemies and have no reservation. Cannot support brand skills, orb skills, channelling skills, Vaal skills or skills used by traps or mines. Cannot modify the skills of minions. | |
Sadism Support Supports any skill that hits enemies. |
Vendor recipe
Unique Item Recipe /1
Offer | Your Offer | Note |
---|---|---|
Cameria's Avarice | 1x Cameria's Maul 1x Ice Bite Support 20Q 1x Glacial Hammer 20Q 1x Ice Spear 20Q |
Community Wiki
Ice Spear
Ice Spear is a cold spell that fires projectiles in sequence. After traveling a short distance the projectiles enter a second form. The second form pierces all targets and has increased projectile speed and critical strike chance. This unique feature of Ice Spear makes it ideal for damaging distant targets, but at the same time makes it noticeably weaker at close range.
Skill functions and interactions
Multiple projectiles: All projectiles, including additional projectiles (such as from Greater Multiple Projectiles Support or Volley Support), are fired in sequence.
Multiple Stages: This spell has two forms. The first form has no natural piercing. Once the projectile reaches a preset distance from the caster, it will instantly change to its second form. The second form pierces all targets, has 300% more projectile speed, and has 600% increased chance to critical strike. With a base critical strike chance of 7%, the second form will have a 49% chance to critically strike, before other modifiers. Ice Spear will do full damage to enemies in either form.
Projectile Speed: Increases and reductions to projectile speed (such as from Slower Projectiles Support) will not affect the distance at which the spell changes to its second form, but will alter Ice Spear's travel speed.
Piercing: Additional pierce will allow the first form to pierce targets as well. The second form naturally pierces all targets.
Fork and Chain: Ice Spear can fork and chain in its first form. In its second form, it pierces all targets, and therefore can never fork or chain.
- Note: Frost Sentinel monsters use a different version of the skill, with additional projectiles (from 0 to 2) and 50% increased damage in second form. Fork and chain can apply to the skill in second form, as well as pierce in the first one.
Version history
Version | Changes |
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3.17.0 |
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3.6.0 |
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3.5.0 |
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3.0.0 |
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2.4.0 |
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2.0.0 |
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1.2.0 |
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1.1.0 |
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0.10.2 |
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0.9.5g |
|
0.9.4c |
|
0.9.3c |
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0.9.3 |
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0.9.2 |
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0.9.1 |
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0.8.4 |
|
Wikis Content is available under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 unless otherwise noted.